Wizard of Oz Fact #95: The Tornado Was a Giant Stocking

The tornado that sweeps Dorothy to Oz was created using a 35‑foot muslin stocking attached to a mechanical rig. Special‑effects artists manipulated the fabric to twist and bend while dust and debris were blown around it. The practical effect was so convincing that it remains one of the most realistic tornado depictions in early cinema.
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Source: Reader’s Digest